My first encounter with the world of cyber-criminals occurred through a watering hole attack campaign many years ago. I visited a Persian website and discovered that it was downloading malware onto visitors’ browsers. I promptly contacted the site administrator, who informed me that they had no technical knowledge of the issue. It became apparent that…
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I have heard this many times over the course of the last several years: someone is experiencing a heavy DDoS attack on their website. When I ask them what type of attack they are experiencing, the answer is usually that the bad guys are sending them thousands or even millions of POST requests. When I…
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DDoS (distributed denial of service) and DoS (denial of service) attacks can be broadly classified into three categories based on the layers of the OSI model they target: network layer (Layer 3), transport layer (Layer 4), and application layer (Layer 7). Layer 3 and Layer 4 attacks are typically less complex–even though that they might…
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The web application firewall (WAF) is a security tool used to guard against unwanted access to web applications. It is often a security device that sits on top of a web server and guards against threats from the internet or from beyond the network perimeter. Unlike Layer 3 (Network) and Layer 4 (Transport) firewalls, which…
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畫布指紋, 和殭屍餅乾跟蹤器不是什麼新鮮事; 然而, 這些方法得到了改進， 並已成為臭名昭著的有效隨著時間的推移. 最近, a study revealed that one in every four 10,000 most visited websites on the internet uses canvas fingerprinting to track the visitors with up to 99.9% accuracy. The tracking attempt to collect…
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很多年了, 我熱心地使用 Suhosin 與 Apache2 或 PHP-FPM Nginx Web 伺服器的任何 PHP5 實現， 以抵禦 SQL 注入和其他常見的 Web 攻擊. 事實上, PHP5 是如此災難性, 無論是在其核心安全性方面, and its functions and modules that I could have never conceived using it…
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